Abstract
During evolution, food availability widely contributed to natural selection. In primates and in human beeings, the need for high-energy food influenced the alimentary behavior and social activity. Natural selection favored the species with optimal cerebral capacities for surviving according to the environmental conditions. Human feeding has widely varied during the last millenniums, namely after the development of agiculture 8000 years ago and the recent industrial revolution. During evolution, food availability strongly influenced genotype and phenotype. The human genetic endowment has changed relatively slightly since the appearance of modern human being during the late paleolithic. The inadequation between the nutrition of the modern human beeing and his physiological capacities could explain a number of metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. These data suggest that diets more conform to our capacities or to individual and genetic variations should be proposed.
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