‘Kwanzan Stunting’ syndrome: Detection and molecular characterization of an Italian isolate of Little cherry virus 1

Abstract

Evident stunting was observed for the first time on Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ indicator trees in Southern Italy during the indexing of two sour cherry accessions from cultivars ‘Marasca di Verona’ and ‘Spanska’. Bud break and shooting were delayed and the developing leaves remained small. During the third year many Kwanzan plants died, regardless of the indexed cultivar. Electrophoretic analysis showed the presence of dsRNA pattern in extracts of stunted Kwanzan with a similar size to that of viruses of the family Closteroviridae. An identical pattern of more abundant dsRNA bands was obtained from GF305 seedlings grafted with the same sour cherry accessions. Observations by electron microscopy revealed the presence of long flexuous virus particles in both indicators (Kwanzan and GF305), characteristic of closteroviruses. Subsequent cloning work, starting from the dsRNA extracts of cultivar Marasca di Verona grafted on GF305 indicator, yielded 7 different clones, all showing high identity to the Little cherry virus 1 genome. Full sequencing of this virus isolate (ITMAR) was then done resulting in a complete genome composed of 16,936 nt. Primers designed on the obtained sequences for RT-PCR detection confirmed the presence of Little cherry virus 1 in Kwanzan and GF305 trees, inoculated with both sour cherry cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis of the minor coat protein grouped virus isolates into two clusters: one including Italian isolates of sweet cherry, Japanese plum, peach and almond, together with German sweet cherry UW1 isolate, and a second one containing the Italian isolates of sour cherry (ITMAR and ITSPA), that were found associated with strong symptoms of ‘Kwanzan Stunting’.