Kultura nálevkovitých pohárů na silničním obchvatu Kolína (39./38.–35./34. stol. před Kr.). Sídelní síť mikroregionu a ohrazení typu dlouhých mohyl na východě středních Čech / The Funnel Beaker Culture on the Kolín Bypass Road (3900/3800–3500/3400 BC). The settlement network of the micro-region and long barrow-type enclosures in east central Bohemia

Abstract

The study analyses the inventory of Funnel Beaker culture finds made during excavations along the route of the Kolín bypass road in 2008–2010. Features from this period were captured at a total of six sites situated along the entire section of the route. Three sites are of a broader, superregional importance. The remains of two long barrow-type enclosures and a sacrifice pit with a Moltzow-type beaker were investigated on area I-9 at the northern edge of the bypass road. The find assemblages from the settlement area on the broad surface of the promontory near Štítary helped identify the earliest phase of the early stage of the Funnel Beaker culture, which is specific to the eastern part of Bohemia. A fortification composed of a palisade and three extremely wide ditches protecting a settlement area of the earliest Funnel Beaker culture and the Baden culture was discovered in the corner of the Elbe terrace south of the Kolín suburb of Šťáralka. The issue of the settlement structure of the local micro-region in the Early Eneolithic is also addressed. The distribution of sites with hierarchical features as indicators of central functions connected with the given locality showed the crucial role played by the space between the lower branches of the Pekelský and Hořanský streams, with the function of a central site apparently being served by a hilltop settlement area at the Hroby site captured in the earlier excavations by F. Dvořák.