Abstract
Kopyor coconut is a special coconut grown in Indonesia. Nuts of kopyor can not be used as a source of planting material due to its endosperm damage; therefore in vitro embryo rescue technique is applied to propagate kopyor coconuts. Acclimatization is a critical stage during in vitro culture of kopyor coconut. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of plantlet initial conditions prior to acclimatization on survival and growth in ex vitro conditions. Five replications of 50 plantlets of tall variety of kopyor coconut with different shoot and root conditions were used in the acclimatization process. The coconut plantlets were planted on plastic pots containing a mixture of soil, sand and dung manure, and then placed inside a closed plastic tunnel. The tunnel was opened gradually after 3 months and the plants were transferred to the nursery after 4.5 months. Survival frequency and growth (plant height, leaf number and shoot diameter) of the plantlets were observed after 6 months of acclimatization period. Research results show that the initial plantlet height and initial root length affected significantly the survival rate and growth of the plantlets of kopyor coconut during acclimatization. Other parameters of plantlet initial conditions such as leaf number, stem diameter, primary root number, and the existence of secondary roots did not influence the survival rate and growth of the plantlets. In order to obtain high survival rate (84.7%) and good growth of plantlets during acclimatization, the plantlet height must be at least 20 cm prior to acclimatization. Differences in root length on plantlets with the height of 20 cm or more, did not affect survival percentage of the vitroplants.
Highlights
Kopyor coconut is a special coconut grown in Indonesia
Nuts of kopyor can not be used as a source of planting material due to its endosperm damage; in vitro embryo rescue technique is applied to propagate kopyor coconuts
Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of plantlet initial conditions prior to acclimatization on its survival and growth in ex vitro conditions
Summary
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biak Sel & Mikropropagasi Tanaman, Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Bioindustri Indonesia. Bahan tanam yang digunakan berupa planlet yang berasal dari kultur embrio zigotik kelapa kopyor varietas dalam (tall coconut) mengikuti prosedur Tahardi & Warga-Dalem (1982) yang diperbaiki. Kriteria pemilihan planlet yang akan diaklimatisasi adalah planlet yang diperkirakan sudah siap untuk diaklimatisasi dengan beragam kondisi awal yakni tinggi tanaman antara 9 sampai 30 cm (dari pangkal batang sampai ujung daun tertinggi), akar primer paling sedikit satu dengan panjang lebih dari 0,5 cm, dengan atau tanpa akar sekunder, dan telah mempunyai daun paling sedikit 1 helai (Gambar 1). Embrio kelapa kopyor sebagai eksplan diambil dari tanaman dewasa kelapa kopyor asal kultur jaringan di Kebun Percobaan Ciomas, Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Bioindustri Indonesia, Bogor
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