KP Equation in a Three-Dimensional Unmagnetized Warm Dusty Plasma with Variable Dust Charge

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the propagation of three-dimensional nonlinear dust-acoustic and dust-Coulomb waves in an unmagnetized warm dusty plasma consisting of electrons, ions, and charged dust particles. The grain charge fluctuation is incorporated through the current balance equation. Using the perturbation method, a Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is obtained. It has been shown that the charge fluctuation would modify the wave structures, and the waves in such systems are unstable due to high-order long wave perturbations.