Abstract
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces began air strikes in Kosovo on 24 March 1999. The dual goals of the action were preventing further oppression of ethnic Albanians and providing Kosovo with some level of political autonomy. The use of force followed several years' worth of tough statements, threats of force, and failed negotiations culminating in Serbia's rejection of the international Contact Group's plan for the region during negotiations at Rambouillet, France. The combination of air strikes, fighting on the ground between Serbians forces and the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), and an intensified crackdown by Serbians forces injured and killed thousands and led more than 800,000 people to become refugees, either within Kosovo or in surrounding countries. On 9 June 1999, the war ended when Serbian officials agreed to meet many international demands, withdraw Yugoslav troops from Kosovo, and accept the establishment of the Kosovo Force (KFOR) and the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) to provide security and begin reconstruction in the region.
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