Abstract
Korean pine nut oil (PNO) has been reported to influence weight gain and lipid metabolism. We examined whether PNO replacement in a high-fat diet (HFD) can ameliorate HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Five-week-old male C57BL mice were fed control diets containing 10% of the energy from fat from PNO or soybean oil (SBO) (PC, SC) or HFDs with 45% of the energy from fat, with 10% from PNO or SBO and 35% from lard (PHFD, SHFD), for 12 weeks. Body weight gain and amount of white adipose tissue were lower in PHFD (10% and 18% lower, respectively) compared with SHFD. Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) level was significantly lower in PHFD than the SHFD (26% lower). PNO consumption upregulated hepatic ACADL mRNA levels. The hepatic PPARG mRNA level was lower in the PC than in the SC. Expression of the sirtuin (SIRT) 3 protein in white adipose tissue was down-regulated in the SHFD and restored in the PHFD to the level in the lean control mice. SIRT 3 was reported to be upregulated under conditions of caloric restriction (CR) and plays a role in regulating mitochondrial function. PNO consumption resulted in lower body fat and hepatic TG accumulation in HFD-induced obesity, which seemed to be associated with the CR-mimetic response.
Highlights
Obesity leads to a wide range of health problems and is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome
Mice in the PHFD group gained less body weight (10% less, p < 0.05) and had less white adipose tissue
Body weight gain positively correlated with the white adipose tissue weight (r = 0.93, p < 0.05), which indicated that the pine nut oil (PNO)-mediated lower weight gain was mainly due to a lower body fat accumulation
Summary
Obesity leads to a wide range of health problems and is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been known to have beneficial effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. A standard diet (12% of the energy from fat) was supplemented with olive oil (control group), CLA and olive oil (CLA group), or CLA and PNO (CLA and PNO group) to make diets contain 30% of the energy from fat These findings suggest that PNO can affect weight gain and has the potential for NAFLD prevention by its modulation of lipid metabolism. HFDs with 45% of the energy from fat with 10% from PNO or soybean oil (SBO) and 35% from lard were used to examine whether partial replacement with PNO in the HFD can ameliorate NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice. Expression of the SIRT3 protein was measured in order to determine whether PNO had a similar effect to that of caloric restriction
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