Abstract
Ginseng, a herbal plant, is rich in pharmacologically active ginsenosides capable of promoting bone regeneration and of reducing inflammatory osteolysis. Ginseng was therefore proposed to reduce the catabolic changes during periodontitis. Here, we tested the capability of ginseng to modulate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). To this aim, 55 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly distributed into five groups: (I) a normal group without any interventions; (II) an untreated OTM serving as a control; and (III, IV, and V) treated OTMs receiving daily oral administrations of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg of a standardized extract from the roots of Korean Panax ginseng G115 for three weeks, respectively. The molar tooth was moved towards the incisor during three weeks followed by measurements of the distance between the first and the second molars. Moreover, the impact of OTM and ginseng extracts on body weight was determined. Our data showed that, compared with the OTM control, 150 and 300 mg/kg of G115 ginseng extract significantly decreased the OTM from 0.87 mm (min 0.69; max 0.96) to 0.53 (min 0.42, max 0.62; p = 0.002) and 0.36 (min 0.27, max 0.43; p < 0.0001), respectively. Moreover, 150 and 300 mg/kg of G115 significantly lowered the body weights of the rats when compared with the respective controls (p = 0.002 and p < 0.0001, respectively). These findings suggest that extracts from Panax ginseng are capable of reducing orthodontic tooth movement in rats and is associated with a decrease in body weight.
Highlights
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a consequence of applied forces that translate into a biological response with the hallmarks of osteoclastic bone resorption on the pressure side and concomitant osteoblastic bone formation on the tension site [1,2]
Ginseng exerts its beneficial effects by reducing inflammation [18] through the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) signaling [19,20]
Taking advantage of this model, we investigated the impact of Korean Panax ginseng on OTM
Summary
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a consequence of applied forces that translate into a biological response with the hallmarks of osteoclastic bone resorption on the pressure side and concomitant osteoblastic bone formation on the tension site [1,2]. OTM is a consequence of the local inflammation driving osteoclastogenic bone resorption, at least to some extent [3,4] Support for this hypothesis comes from observations that the inhibition of inflammation, for example, through blocking cyclooxygenase-2 activity, greatly reduces OTM in rodent models [5,6]. Ginseng exerts its beneficial effects by reducing inflammation [18] through the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) signaling [19,20]. G115 was widely used in rat preclinical research [24,26,27] and is ideal for preclinical testing in an OTM model Taking advantage of this model, we investigated the impact of Korean Panax ginseng on OTM
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