Korea Red Ginseng Alters Electroencephalogram Spectra of Sleep-Wake Stage in Rats

Abstract

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the homeostatic regulation of sleep architecture by the ethanol extract of Korea red ginseng (KRG), since the available data were often controversial. In addition, it was also interested in whether the sleep-wake stages were differently affected by low and high doses of KRG. Each adult Wistar male rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording EEG and activity via telemetry. After one week of surgery, polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep-wake activities were recorded for 12 h (between 9:00 am and 9:00 pm) after KRG administration. KRG (10 and 100 mg/kg) increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as well as total sleep. The total percentages of wakefulness were decreased comparably. KRG (10 mg/kg) decreased the power density of the <TEX>${\delta}-wave$</TEX> (0.75-4.5 Hz) and increased <TEX>${\alpha}-wave$</TEX> (8.0-13.0 Hz) in the NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. KRG also decreased <TEX>${\delta}-wave$</TEX> power density in wake time. However, KRG (100 mg/kg) increased <TEX>${\delta}-wave$</TEX> and decreased <TEX>${\theta}-wave$</TEX> (5.0-9.0 Hz) power density in wake time, while showed little effect on the power density in NREM and REM sleep. In conclusion, low and high doses of KRG increase spontaneous sleep and NREM sleep and differently regulate the EEG spectra in REM and NREM sleep.