Abstract
Congenital scoliosis is the most common congenital spinal deformity caused by a failure in the formation or segmentation or both. Clinical manifestations may vary from stable hemivertebra to complex deformities that can lead to pulmonary, cardiac, genitourinary and neurological complications. Other system anomalies may accompany as well. Prenatal ultrasound, physical examination and x-rays are used for diagnosis. MR is helpful in detecting accompanying pathologies. CT may be useful in preoperative planning. The treatment plan is tailored to each patient according to location and magnitude of the curve, patient age, type of the deformity and the anticipated natural history. Treatment consists of controlled observation, conservative and surgical methods. Hemivertebrectomy and limited fusion are recommended at an early age for single hemivertebra. Hemiepiphysiodesis, distraction-based non-fusion methods or combinations of these may be used for more complex deformities. Technological advances today allow for concurrent surgeries for spinal deformity and intradural pathologies. Corrective osteotomies may be required in neglected severe cases. Due to the challenging technique and risk of neurological injury, corrective osteotomies necessitate well-equipped centers and experienced surgeons
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