Abstract
ABSTRACTThis article is based on dual fractal techniques to design the Koch–Sierpinski Fractal Microstrip (KSFM) antenna for wireless applications. The concept of the Koch fractal is applied on the outer periphery of the square-shaped patch and Sierpinski gasket concept on the inner segment of the square-shaped patch to reduce the effect of surface currents. The antenna design involves two degrees of iteration using dual fractal techniques. The antenna is simulated using HFSS software and fabricated. The measurements of antenna parameters are done using a vector network analyser (VNA). The proposed antenna covers multiband resonant frequencies of 5.699 GHz, 10.108 GHz, 11.100 GHz, 15.812 GHz and 17.621 GHz for C-band (4–8 GHz), X-band (8–12 GHz) and Ku-band (12–18 GHz) applications. The antenna achieved better bandwidth at high range of frequencies. Three different substrates were chosen to compare the results of the proposed antenna (Fr4, Rogers RO 4003 and Rogers Ultralam) with the Fr4 substrate achieving the best results. The simulation agreed well with those obtained experimentally.
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