Abstract
The essence of innovation lies in knowledge, which is why open innovation opens the door to knowledge transfer with agents outside the organization. In order to comprehend the joint scientific trajectory of these two areas of knowledge, the aim of this study is to identify and analyze the main indicators of scientific behavior involved in the research field related to the link between open innovation and knowledge transfer or knowledge sharing concepts through bibliometric and network analysis. The results show clear European leadership in scientific production developed in universities. In addition, the high quality of the main sources of diffusion infers publications of good scientific quality. The most recognized source of knowledge used in new research is directed towards university-company relationships in an open innovation environment. Network analysis related to keywords has allowed us to define the most interesting, relevant fields of research, highlighting the importance acquired by topics such as ‘communication’, ‘inter-organizational context’ and ‘education’, to better focus on future research of the scientific community. It can be concluded that the scientific development of both concepts is an active field in the academic community, and also, that new key terms appear, opening new paths of research.
Highlights
In the last decades, we have passed through a closed innovation model to an open one
Knowledge management is exploring new fields of action due to the current dynamic context and the need to search for new innovative paths in industry, such as open innovation (OI) models
The bibliometric and network analysis provides a picture of the trajectory followed by science, identifying the geographical location of research, producers and their collaborative networks, research priorities, which will help researchers and their environment both to locate working groups and forecast new research items, as well as to assist in decision making
Summary
We have passed through a closed innovation model to an open one. In a closed innovation model, companies used to invest in their own R&D department and so were they able to keep new ideas under control and all their knowledge, tacit and explicit This closed, static model has become highly difficult to manage; resources are constantly flowing, moving, changing and increasing in complexity. As employees start changing from one company to another, so does information, making it very difficult for the firm to contain ideas [2,3] In this dynamic context, the open innovation (OI) paradigm appears, replacing the previous closed innovation paradigm, and it represents a new approach into the innovation management shift from a closed to an open model [4]. We can understand OI as the use of intentional incomes and outcomes of knowledge to further a firm’s innovation and to extend markets to innovate externally
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