Abstract
This paper attempts to reconcile some of the explanations of expert error (i.e. slips and lapses) with some of the theory relating to the use of frequency information. Although there have previously been suggestions that novice errors may be accounted for in terms of frequency gambling, it has been assumed that experts do not use anything as crude as frequency. A study is reported that investigates the use of frequency information during learning in an everyday context. An analysis of the errors that subjects made during this study, as they learnt more about the domain, suggests that ‘experts’ use frequency to as large a degree as novices. The factor that may differentiate experts from novices in any domain is not just the possession of domain knowledge, but also a sophisticated frequency map of the domain. Overall, these results suggest that expert errors are just as likely to be influenced by frequency of encounter in the everyday world as novice errors.
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