Abstract
Objective: To understand the perceptions and self-care needs of patients regarding intestinal stoma in the preoperative period. Method: Qualitative exploratory research performed in a surgical unit of a hospital in southern Brazil, with seven patients in the preoperative period of intestinal surgery. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and submitted to thematic analysis of content. From the data analysis three thematic categories emerged: therapeutic itinerary and associated feelings; knowledge, perceptions and expectations regarding intestinal ostomy; and self-care needs of the patient with intestinal stoma. Results: The participants showed a lack of knowledge about intestinal stoma and evaluated this possibility as something negative, which would bring changes in lifestyle habits, with little information about care. Conclusion: It is evident the need to provide preoperative orientation for better acceptance and strengthening of the patient’s self-care in the postoperative period, appointing the nurse as an essential professional in this process.
Highlights
The perioperative period of a patient who will undergo a surgical procedure covers three distinct but interconnected phases
The preoperative phase comprises from the moment of decision making of the surgical intervention until the surgery itself
In this context of care, the nurse plays a key role in the implementation of safe nursing interventions suitable for the appropriate rehabilitation of the patient
Summary
The perioperative period of a patient who will undergo a surgical procedure covers three distinct but interconnected phases. In surgeries where there is a need to make an intestinal stoma, the person faces a new condition in which he/she undergoes several physiological, psychosocial, and psychospiritual changes During this process, the individual suffers from decreased self-esteem and life perspectives, feelings of mourning, changes in personal, interpersonal, work, and social activities, needing to adapt to start this new phase of life[1]. The individual suffers from decreased self-esteem and life perspectives, feelings of mourning, changes in personal, interpersonal, work, and social activities, needing to adapt to start this new phase of life[1] In this sense, the nursing interventions that comprise the preoperative phase, such as clarification of doubts, explanations about changes in life habits, and necessary care are fundamental, since the person is more capable of understanding the information at this time. Such interventions reflect directly on the postoperative orientations, which will be focused on the difficulties of the patients and relatives, in order to contribute to the physical and psychological balance in the face of so many changes[2,3,4]
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