Abstract
This paper examines when and how knowledge moves across geographic boundaries in the biotechnology industry. We define knowledge flows in three geographic contexts: within a region, between regions and between countries. We hypothesise that these flows are determined by various factors, such as technological distance, articulateness and value of knowledge, time lag effects and firm reputation. Our results support the importance of these characteristics for between region flows compared with within region flows. However, between country flows demonstrate contrary patterns. The non-linearity of knowledge flow patterns over increasing distances is a unique result. We are grateful to Pari Patel, for providing information regarding his work on classification of the different patent classes into technical fields.
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