Abstract
To reduce the cost of generated electrical energy, high-concentration photovoltaic systems have been proposed to reduce the amount of semiconductor material needed by concentrating sunlight using lenses and mirrors. Due to the concentration of energy, the use of tracker or pointing systems is necessary in order to obtain the desired amount of electrical energy. However, a high degree of inaccuracy and imprecision is observed in the real installation of concentration photovoltaic systems. The main objective of this work is to design a knowledge-based controller for a high-concentration photovoltaic system (HCPV) tracker. The methodology proposed consists of using fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS) and to implement the controller in a real system by means of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. FRBS have demonstrated correct adaptation to problems having a high degree of inaccuracy and uncertainty, and IoT technology allows use of constrained resource devices, cloud computer architecture, and a platform to store and monitor the data obtained. As a result, two knowledge-based controllers are presented in this paper: the first based on a pointing device and the second based on the measure of the electrical current generated, which showed the best performance in the experiments carried out. New factors that increase imprecision and uncertainty in HCPV solar tracker installations are presented in the experiments carried out in the real installation.
Highlights
The European Commission has recently published the photovoltaic (PV) status report [1] in whichPV market, electricity costs, and the economics of PV systems are analyzed
To evaluate the controller and fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS) sensors proposed in the previous section, a real two-axis
Additional factors were presented to those provided in the literature [13], which increase imprecision and uncertainty in high-concentration photovoltaic system (HCPV) solar tracker installations
Summary
PV market, electricity costs, and the economics of PV systems are analyzed. The following stand out: (a) the new installed capacity of solar PV power and the number and volume of PV markets are increasing; (b) a rapid decarbonization is necessary; (c) a rapid cost reduction exists in PV manufacturing; (d) different studies about subsidies for combustibles, fuels, and electricity have been presented; (e) solar energy will continue to grow at high rates; and (f) electricity from PV systems could be cheaper than residential consumer prices in a wide range of countries. To analyze the PV system profitability, it is convenient to take into account additional factors such as subsidies and forecasting of PV power generation. A review of forecasting of PV generation is presented in the literature [3]
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