Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception Towards Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination Among the General Population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background and aim: This cross-sectional study sought to assess knowledge, awareness, and perceptions about HPV vaccination among the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and identify factors influencing HPV vaccination decisions. Materials and Methods: From May to April 2023 in Makkah, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using random sampling techniques to select 501 participants for this research project. An online survey was distributed through social media platforms to collect the necessary data using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were then employed for data analysis. Results: Most participants were female (78.1%), Saudi nationals (95.6%) and married (51.3%). Only 41.3% were familiar with HPV, and their awareness varied regarding its association with cervical cancer and genital warts. Among those informed about HPV, 72.0% were aware of the HPV vaccine, and about two-thirds believed it could prevent cervical cancer. Concerns regarding potential side effects were prevalent among participants. Factors associated with knowledge about HPV included employment in a health-related sector, pursuing a health specialty degree, and higher family income. Conversely, being married and older was associated with lower levels of awareness. Conclusion: This study highlights a lack of knowledge and awareness regarding HPV infection and the HPV vaccine among the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Efforts should be made to improve education and awareness programs to increase knowledge about HPV and promote HPV vaccination. Targeted interventions addressing misconceptions and concerns about the vaccine could enhance vaccine acceptance and uptake among the population.