Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on diabetic retinopathy among medical residents and general practitioners in Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the leading cause of blindness among working people. It constitutes 5% of the global causes of blindness. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) on DR among medical residents (MRs) and general practitioners (GPs) should be well assessed to insure a very good level of DR care. These groups are the most important primary health provider of the diabetic care network. Objectives: The aim is to assess the KAPs on DR among MRs and GPs in Sudan. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and twenty-five doctors, as the study population, were chosen from Khartoum state nonconsultant nonprivate working doctors, who are working in 22 general hospitals distributed across Khartoum state, between August and September 2016. All the selected study Personale were working in these hospitals, and they were exposed to diabetic patient's care which is available within the facilities of these hospitals. Specialist, consultants, and private doctors were excluded from the study. Data were collected through a well-designed self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was mainly included closed-ended questions with a few open-ended ones. It contains questions on demographic data, knowledge and awareness levels, practices toward screening DR, and questions on attitudes toward DR. At the end of the survey, the entire data were coded and entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet in a personal computer. The responses were analyzed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (Manufactured by IBM SPSS Inc., PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0; 2009. Chicago: SPSS Inc., IL, USA). Results: Two hundred and twenty-five doctors; (GPs and MRs); were included in the current study. One hundred and thirty-seven (61%) of the responded participants were female and 88 (39%) were male. The mean age of the study group was 27.7 ± 8.0 years (range: 20–36 years). Two hundred and twenty-five questionnaires were distributed to all members, only 180 (93.75%) members completed the questionnaires. Fifty-eight (32%) has MBBS and 123 (68%) has MBBS + part one in medicine. Their years of medical practice was ranged from 2 years. One hundred and sixty-one (92.5%) and 155 (89.0%) mentioned eye and kidney, respectively, as the organs affected by DM. One hundred and fifty-eight (90.8%) mentioned retina as the part of the eye that can be affected. One hundred and eighteen (68.0%) mentioned poor glucose control as the factor that influences the presence or severity of DR. Fifty-nine (34.0%) mentioned duration of DM. Fifty-six (32.4%) high blood pressure high and 13 (7.5%) lipid level is important for DR degree. One hundred and sixty-four (95.0%) respondents, mentioned retina as the part of the eye that should be examined first for changes for DR. Ninety-one percent noted that DM can cause eye complications; new vessel formations. Hemorrhages, retinal detachment… etc. Seventy-five percent have the attitude to examine the diabetics when only the vision is affected. Fifty-one percent strongly agreed to do eye examination in diabetic pregnant and to do fundoscopy for any diabetic patient. Thirty-seven percent strongly agree to check eyes when lipid is high. Most of the respondents, i.e., 99 (59%) strongly disagree that ophthalmology training in medical school was enough to detect patients with DR. Seventy-two (42%) do visual acuity for their diabetic patients and 50 (30%) examine the fundus (retina). One hundred and twenty-six (75%) disagree that eye examination is only required in diabetic patients when vision is affected. Conclusion: Participants generally had a poor knowledge on DR although they had good knowledge about relationship between DR and others end organs which can be affected by microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and good practice in referral of diabetic patients 136(81%). Undergraduate ophthalmology training in medical school is not adequate.