Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care workers in Benghazi, Libya towards post exposure prophylaxis for HIV

Abstract

Background: Health- care workers (HCWs) have a substantial risk of exposure to HIV. Effective post- exposure prophylaxis (PEP) must begin within 72 hours of possible HIV exposure. Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among HCWs with regard to HIV post exposure prophylaxix (PEP) in Benghazi, Libya. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven medical centers. A convenience sample of HCWs were surveyed with a based on published international and national HIV/AIDS care guidelines. Demographic characteristics, knowledge about HIV PEP and information on work practices were collected. KAP data scores were classified as good, satisfactory or poor. Results: HCWs had a high level of knowledge about HIV transmission and risk groups. Forty percent of nurses believed that the transmission rate of HIV is lower than HBV& HCV. The majority of HCWs were offered PEP as soon as possible after HIV exposure, and flushed the wound with alcohol or antiseptics, but just over half of the nurses and less than quarter of the doctors had immediate HIV testing after exposure to potentially contaminated blood or body fluid. Nurses were observed to have variable practice in the use of gloves or protective clothing at work. The uptake of hepatitis B vaccine by HCWs was incomplete or absent in 41% of nurses and 59% of doctors. Conclusions: We conclude that the knowledge and attitude of HCWs about HIV PEP varied from satisfactory to good. Some misconceptions exist and need to be corrected. Health education for HCWs regarding HIV is essential to limit risk of transmission and to protecting staff and the welfare of the community. Occupational health clinics should be established in all hospitals to improve these attitudes and practices.