Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a common health problem worldwide. Proper insulin administration plays an important role in long term optimal blood sugar control. Adequate knowledge and attitude about insulin self-administration could also improve the management of diabetes and eventually improve the quality of life. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards insulin self-administration and associated factors among diabetic patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH), Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 diabetic patients who were selected by systematic random sampling during follow-up at ZMH. The data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS v.20. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of patients’ knowledge and P < 0.05 was used to declare the association.ResultsAmong 245 patients enrolled, 53.9% were male with a mean age of 53.26 ±13.43 years and more than 84% of the patients can read and write. The overall patients’ knowledge was 63.4%. Better knowledge was observed concerning timing (78.4%) and site of insulin injection (89.4%), while knowledge on the angle of inclination during insulin administration (43.3%) and complications of insulin therapy (49%) were low. Patients who were male gender, never married, government or NGO employees, urban residents, who completed elementary and higher education had a higher knowledge than their comparators. The majority (62%) of the study patients had a favorable attitude on insulin self-administration. Although the majority 177(72.2%) of the study patients have administered insulin themselves, only 120(49.0%) of the patients injected insulin appropriately at 450. Frequent repetition of the injection site was practiced among 176(71.8%) patients and 139(56.7%) injected insulin before or immediately after food intake.ConclusionPatients’ knowledge and attitude seem suboptimal and malpractice of insulin self-administration was reported. Therefore, the gaps should be addressed through patient education and demonstration of insulin injection during each hospital visit.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with impaired carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and resulted from either inadequate insulin secretion, resistance to the action of insulin or both [1,2].According to the International Diabetes Federation’s report 382 million had diabetes in the year 2013 and it is estimated to reach 592 million in the year 2035
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 diabetic patients who were selected by systematic random sampling during follow-up at Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH)
Patients who were male gender, never married, government or Nongovernmental organization (NGO) employees, urban residents, who completed elementary and higher education had a higher knowledge than their comparators
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with impaired carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and resulted from either inadequate insulin secretion, resistance to the action of insulin or both [1,2].According to the International Diabetes Federation’s report 382 million had diabetes in the year 2013 and it is estimated to reach 592 million in the year 2035. DM is considered the leading cause of death in most developing nations [4,5] This might be attributed to poorly controlled hyperglycemia which is associated with several life-threatening complications such as renal failure and cardiovascular diseases [6]. Optimum glycemic control can be only achieved when the patients are adherent to self-management behaviors such as healthy diet, physical activity, monitoring of blood glucose, taking medications appropriately, ability to resolve diabetes problems, and healthy coping [7,8,9,10,11]. Adequate knowledge and attitude about insulin self-administration could improve the management of diabetes and eventually improve the quality of life. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards insulin self-administration and associated factors among diabetic patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH), Ethiopia
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