Knowledge, attitude, and perceived risks related to diabetes mellitus among university students in Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) has recently shown a demographic shift in epidemiology among adolescents and young adults. Adolescents and young adults are an important demographic of study since studies have shown an increasing prevalence in low-income countries including Nigeria. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and perceived risks of DM among university students in selected universities in southwestern Nigeria. MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study carried out among university undergraduates in southwestern Nigeria. An online questionnaire was used to collect data via students’ WhatsApp groups. The students' knowledge was ranked as good (≥70%), fair (50–69%), and poor (<50%) while attitude was categorized into positive (≥50%), and negative (<50%). The difference in knowledge based on demographics, disease profile, and source of information was analysed using the independent sample t-test and one way analysis of variance for variables with 2 and > 2 groups respectively. Analyses were conducted using SPSS software version 25. ResultsA total of 349 students consented to participate in the study of whom 55.3% were female. 25.2% had good knowledge while 92.3% of the participants were aware of DM. Positive attitudes and perceived risks were reported among all of the students. Source of information, family history, level of study, and age were significantly associated with knowledge of diabetes. ConclusionA small proportion of the students exhibited good knowledge, while all demonstrated a positive attitude and perceived risks associated with DM. There is a clear need for educational interventions, such as health programs and awareness campaigns, to enhance their knowledge of DM.