Abstract

This study investigates spoken production of Indonesian L2 learners of Arabic examined by the frameworks of Local Impairment Hypothesis (LIH) and Missing Surface Inflectional Hypothesis (MSIH). Because the feature strength is absent from L2 learners, LIH claims that they will suffer from impairment at any stages of development. Accordingly, all participants will experience variability in the use of gender agreement. Conversely, MSIH predicts that such impairment L2 learners exhibit is superficial. Based on the view of MSIH, variability occurred in the inflectional surface feature system is because of mapping features to the correct inflected forms. Thirty-two subjects who participated in this study were divided into two distinct groups: intermediate and advanced. Grammaticality Judgment Task was employed to collect the data of knowledge of features, while Sentence Fragment Completion Task was utilised to elicit the use of surface inflected forms. Although the accuracy in the production of inflectional morphology was moderately low, the findings revealed that most subjects were aware of the grammatical features being examined in the study. Eventually, the findings confirm the framework of MSIH and were not in line with LIH claiming that the higher variability will occur in both tasks at any stage of development.

Highlights

  • In previous years, there were several studies on foreign and second language acquisition

  • Will the results be in line with the Local Impairment Hypothesis (LIH) or the Missing Surface Inflectional Hypothesis (MSIH)?

  • Lardiere [10] argues that the problem is attributable to the surface forms as she found that adult L2 learners who show impoverished inflectional morphology do have knowledge associated with syntactic functional categories or features. This assumption is in line with the Full Transfer / Full access (FTFA) proposal, which claims that L1 transfer may enable interlanguage grammar to access Universal Grammar (UG)

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Summary

Introduction

There were several studies on foreign and second language acquisition. Knowledge and Use of Grammar among Indonesian Second Language Learners of Arabic: Focus on Grammatical Gender Agreement as verbs, determiners, adjectives, or adverbs when meeting head nouns to show agreement. For this reason, it is believed that L2 learners will suffer from significant difficulties because grammatical gender agreement requires profoundly demanding tasks [9]. L2 learners might be aware of what they have expressed is grammatically incorrect, errors in grammatical gender agreement might repeatedly occur in the oral production of L2 learners Based on this phenomenon, a striking question appears as to whether or L2 learners’ difficulties lie at an abstract level or in surface manifestation.

The Current Study
Theories on L2 Manifestation of Functional Features and Functional Categories
Language Impairment
Missing Surface Inflection
Methodology
Participants
Reading Proficiency Test
Sentence Fragment Completion Task
The Reading Proficiency Task
Grammaticality Judgment Task
The Sentence Fragment Completion Task
Discussion
Findings
Conclusions and Recommendations
Full Text
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