Abstract
BackgroundPersons with disabilities in general face serious barriers to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services due to institutional and attitudinal barriers. However, because deaf people have unique communication and linguistic needs, which are often misunderstood or ignored, they face greater barriers than other persons with disabilities. Whilst available data indicated that there is a wide gap between knowledge and usage of contraceptive amongst Ghanaians, little is known about the level of contraceptive knowledge and usage amongst deaf people.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to investigate the level of knowledge and use of contraceptive methods amongst deaf people in Ghana with the aim of understanding their contraceptive behaviour and to improve access.MethodThe study was a participatory SRH needs assessment utilising a two-phase, sequential, mixed methods design. The study included 179 participants, consisting of focus groups with seven executives of Ghana National Association of the Deaf (GNAD), 10 male deaf adults, and 9 deaf female adults. A total of 152 deaf people, made up of students, women, and men participated in a survey, whilst one hearing person served as a key informant.ResultsThe findings of the study indicated that of the 13 methods shown in the survey, only three were known to about 70% of the adults and 60% of the students. Level of knowledge of the remaining nine methods was low.ConclusionClear and effective policies are needed to guide the provision of SRH information and services for deaf people in Ghana.
Highlights
Contraceptive knowledge and use are important indicators of access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services (Ghana Statistical Service, Ghana Health Service & ICF Macro 2009)
A unique feature of the study was the use of the results from qualitative methods to develop the quantitative instrument
This study explored deaf people’s level of knowledge and use of contraceptive methods and found that whilst deaf people’s level of knowledge and use of contraceptives was generally low, contraceptive knowledge appeared to depend on the type of contraception, age and sex
Summary
Contraceptive knowledge and use are important indicators of access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services (Ghana Statistical Service, Ghana Health Service & ICF Macro 2009). Having good knowledge reduces misconceptions and fears about contraceptives and creates positive attitudes towards use; generally, the more knowledge people have, the more likely they would accept and use contraceptives (Biney 2011; Longwe et al 2012; Narzary 2009; Small et al 2009). Persons with disabilities in general face serious barriers to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services due to institutional and attitudinal barriers. Because deaf people have unique communication and linguistic needs, which are often misunderstood or ignored, they face greater barriers than other persons with disabilities. Whilst available data indicated that there is a wide gap between knowledge and usage of contraceptive amongst Ghanaians, little is known about the level of contraceptive knowledge and usage amongst deaf people
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