Knowledge and Behavior of Intensive Care Unit Health Care Workers Towards MERS-CoV

Abstract

Background: Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an emerging infection where the majority of cases have been reported from the Arabian Peninsula. Poor compliance of healthcare workers (HCWs) allows for the spread of the infection, which may lead to devastating outbreaks. Lack of knowledge on IC standards to an emerging pathogen and lack of a safety culture with in the organization are main reasons for poor compliance by HCWs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and behavior of intensive care unit (ICU) HCWs in two major hospitals where MERS outbreaks took place 18-24 months prior. Methods: A validated questionnaire was emailed to all ICU staff from two different hospitals 18-24 months after encountering a major MERS outbreak to assess their knowledge and IC practices relevant to MERS. The questions focused on the knowledge and behavior of the target group on expected infection control practices that would ensure patient and HCW safety. Results: 150 HCWs from hospital A and 142 HCWs from hospital B responded. The majority were female (n=183; 63%) between the age 30-50 (n=180; 62%); with at least 7 years of experience; 160/292 (55%). For basic IC elements 89/292 (33.3%) of respondents were unaware that proper hand hygiene (HH) could prevent the spread of MERS. The majority of respondents were in favor of receiving more information about the disease (96.8%, 98.6%) from hospital A and B, respectively. And finally, the vast majority of HCWs acknowledged their role in preventing the spread of the infection. Conclusion: Knowledge and compliance of HCWs on the proper IC practices are important to ensure patient and HCW safety. This study highlights poor knowledge on proper IC practices and lack of accountability among HCWs for complying with IC standards. More innovative methods for education and auditing HCWs and a better understanding of how to create a culture of accountability in the healthcare setting is needed.