Knowledge and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Men and Women of Pakistan-A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) pose a significant public health challenge globally, with varying levels of awareness and knowledge observed across different populations. In Pakistan, cultural, social, and educational factors contribute to the complexity of STD prevention and control, necessitating a detailed understanding of the current awareness levels to inform effective public health strategies. Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the current state of knowledge and awareness regarding STDs among the Pakistani population, identify existing gaps, and explore the implications for healthcare interventions. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review included studies published in English post-2000, focusing on the adult population of Pakistan. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, knowledge and awareness levels, sources of information, and preventive measures. Results: The review identified a general awareness of STDs, particularly HIV/AIDS, attributed mainly to global awareness campaigns. However, significant knowledge gaps were noted, especially regarding transmission methods and preventive practices. Awareness levels varied by gender and location, with urban populations and women showing slightly higher levels of awareness. Electronic media emerged as a significant source of information, yet misconceptions and inadequate knowledge about prevention were prevalent. Conclusion: The systematic review reveals critical gaps in STD knowledge and awareness among the Pakistani population, highlighting the need for targeted educational programs. Addressing these gaps through culturally sensitive and gender-inclusive approaches is crucial for enhancing STD prevention efforts in Pakistan.