Knowledge and Awareness of Rheumatoid Arthritis among the Population of Al Qunfudhah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune ailment, incites inflammation and degradation of joint synovium, predominantly impacting hands, wrists, and knees. It elicits joint pain, swelling, and potential complications such as deformities, carpal tunnel syndrome, pericarditis, pleuritis, anemia, and uveitis. Evaluating RA knowledge in Al Qunfudhah, Saudi Arabia, this study aims to discern its preventive implications. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study encompassing individuals aged 18 years and above in Al Qunfudhah, Saudi Arabia, was undertaken. An online questionnaire, informed by literature and expert consultation, covered socioeconomic–demographic details, RA history, and participant comprehension regarding disease aspects such as risk factors, symptoms, and treatment. Results: A total of 441 eligible participants completed the study questionnaire. Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 60 years with a mean age of 31.2 ± 12.8 years old. Exact of 250 (56.7%) participants were females. A total of 229 (51.9%) had an overall good knowledge of RA and 212 (48.1%) had a poor knowledge level. High education showed a significant association with participants’ knowledge level (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Approximately half of the study participants demonstrated a sufficient understanding of RA, notably among those with higher education, especially in the health-care sector. The majority accurately identified key symptoms and risk factors and acknowledged the pivotal role of rheumatologists in disease management.