Knee biomechanics variability before and after total knee arthroplasty: an equality of variance prospective study

Abstract

This study evaluated gait variability in patients before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the equality of variance method to determine where variability differences occur in the movement cycle. Twenty-eight patients underwent TKA with cruciate-sacrificed implants. Patients underwent motion analysis which measured knee biomechanics as they walked overground at their preferred pace before and 12 months after TKA. Equality of variance results were compared with 14 healthy controls of similar age. Before surgery, patients had reduced knee extension moment variability throughout the early stance phase (4–21% gait cycle, p < 0.05) compared to controls. Knee power variability was lower preoperatively compared to controls for most of the stance phase (0–13% and 17–60% gait cycle, p < 0.05). Sagittal knee moment and power variability further decreased following TKA. Knee extension moment variability was lower postoperatively throughout stance phase compared to preoperatively (4–22% and 36–60% gait cycle, p < 0.05) and compared to controls (4–30% and 45–60% gait cycle, p < 0.05). Knee power variability remained lower following TKA throughout stance phase compared to preoperatively (10–24% and 36–58% gait cycle, p < 0.05) and controls (3–60% gait cycle, p < 0.05). TKA patients may be less stable, and this may be in part due to an unresolved adaptation developed while awaiting TKA surgery and the cruciate sacrificing design of the implants utilized in this study.