Abstract
The KM3NeT collaboration aims the construction of a multi-km3 high- energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean sea consisting of thousands of glass spheres, each of them containing 31 photomultiplier of small photocathode area. The main digitization system is composed by 31 Time to Digital Converter channels with 1-ns resolution embedded in a Field Programmable Gate Array. An architecture with low resource occupancy has been chosen allowing the implementation of other instrumentation, communication and synchronization systems on the same device. The 4-oversampling technique with two high frequency clocks working in opposed phases has been used together with an asymmetric FIFO memory. In the present article the architecture and the first results obtained with the Time to Digital Converters are presented.
Highlights
The KM3NeT collaboration aims the construction of a multi-km3 highenergy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean sea consisting of thousands of glass spheres, each of them containing 31 photomultiplier of small photocathode area
The main digitization system is composed by 31 Time to Digital Converter channels with 1-ns resolution embedded in a Field Programmable Gate Array
In order to translate these signals into the arrival time of the photons, they are processed by Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) implemented on a Kintex-7 field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
Summary
The KM3NeT telescope is a deep-sea neutrino infrastructure to be deployed in the Mediterranean Sea (see Fig. 1, left). When a neutrino interacts in the material surrounding the detector, it can produce a muon, which travels across the detector at a speed greater than the speed of light in water. Such a particle generates a faint blue luminescence called Cherenkov radiation. A TDC performs conversion of a time interval (TI) into a digital value The digital data correspond to the timestamp and length of the time-over-threshold signal that is produced by the active base of each PMT. Timestamp and length of pulse, require an accuracy of 1 ns
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