Abstract
Studies about hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in human health disorders take advantage from the use of unicellular eukaryote models. A widely extended model is the fermentative yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this paper, we describe an overview of the molecular mechanisms induced by a decrease in oxygen availability and their interrelationship with the oxidative stress response in yeast. We focus on the differential characteristics between S. cerevisiae and the respiratory yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, a complementary emerging model, in reference to multicellular eukaryotes.
Highlights
Interest in hypoxic and oxidative stress studies is increasing in recent years, mostly in relation to aging or diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders or cancer
Contrary to data previously described for the homologous gene of S. cerevisiae, the function of the KlHAP1 gene does not affect growth in media with carbon sources used by fermentative or respiratory pathways in K. lactis and KlHap1 is not a transcriptional activator of the expression of genes related to respiration or sterol biosynthesis [58] but represses the expression of the major glucose transporter [59]
Regarding K. lactis NDI, we have proved that the transcription of the KlNDI1 gene is induced in nonfermentable carbon sources through a process mediated by the factor Adr1 and that the expression of the gene did not decrease after an hypoxic shift [9]
Summary
Interest in hypoxic and oxidative stress studies is increasing in recent years, mostly in relation to aging or diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders or cancer. Molecular mechanisms that support the metabolic differences between S. cerevisiae and K. lactis and the specific responses to hypoxia or oxidative stress have been studied. The heme biosynthetic pathway is well conserved in different organisms throughout evolution [36], and this is true between S. cerevisiae and K. lactis Both yeasts have eight highly homologous genes necessary for the biosynthesis of. Contrary to data previously described for the homologous gene of S. cerevisiae, the function of the KlHAP1 gene does not affect growth in media with carbon sources used by fermentative or respiratory pathways in K. lactis and KlHap is not a transcriptional activator of the expression of genes related to respiration or sterol biosynthesis [58] but represses the expression of the major glucose transporter [59]. Both bind to a sequence motif known as the sterol
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