Kluyvera

Abstract

Kluy' ve.ra . M.L. fem. n. Kluyvera named by Asai et al. (1956) to honor the Dutch microbiologist A.J. Kluyver, who made many contributions to microbial physiology and taxonomy. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / Kluyvera Small rod‐shaped cells, 0.5–0.7 × 2–3 µm, conforming to the general definition of the family Enterobacteriaceae . Gram negative. Motile, with peritrichous flagella. Contains the enterobacterial common antigen. Facultatively anaerobic. Catalase positive (weak). Oxidase negative. Nonpigmented. Ferment, rather than oxidize, D ‐glucose and other carbohydrates. Reduce nitrate to nitrite. Positive for indole production, methyl red, citrate utilization ( Simmons ), ornithine decarboxylase, motility at 36°C, growth in the presence of cyanide ( KCN test ), malonate utilization, and esculin hydrolysis. Ferment D ‐glucose, lactose, sucrose , d ‐ mannitol, salicin , l ‐ arabinose, raffinose , l ‐ rhamnose, maltose , d ‐ xylose, trehalose, cellobiose , α‐ methyl ‐ d ‐ glucoside, melibiose, mucate , d ‐ mannose, and D ‐galactose. Produce visible gas during fermentation. Produce large amounts of α‐ ketoglutaric acid during the fermentation of D ‐glucose . Negative for Voges–Proskauer, H 2 S production (TSI), urea hydrolysis, phenylalanine deaminase, arginine dihydrolase, gelatin hydrolysis (22°C), lipase (corn oil), DNase, and the fermentation of dulcitol, adonitol, myo ‐inositol, erythritol, and D ‐arabitol. Susceptible to colistin, sulfadiazine, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol (disk diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar); resistant to carbenicillin; penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalothin ; variable susceptibility to nalidixic acid and streptomycin. The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 55.1–56.6. Type species : Kluyvera ascorbata Farmer, Fanning, Huntley‐Carter, Holmes, Hickman, Richard and Brenner 1981b, 382 (Effective publication: Farmer, Fanning, Huntley‐Carter, Holmes, Hickman, Richard and Brenner 1981a, 927.)