İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE TÜRKİYE İKLİM ÖLÇÜM AĞI

Abstract

"Climate is the average state of weather events observed on earth over many years. Changes occur in climate over time with natural or antropological (human) effects. Shifts in climate due to natural factors are defined as climate variability. Natural causes of climate change include solar eruptions, changes in the earth’s orbital parameters, and volcanism. The use of carbon- containing fossil fuels, unplanned urbanization, and the steady disappearance of forested areas that act as greenhouse gas sinks are the causes of human-induced changes in the climate. The term “climate change” refers to both driven on by human activity and the change in the climate carried on by natural factors. During the latter half of the 19th century, researches on the impact of greenhouse gases on global warming provided the basis for the first studies on climate change. The studies gained momentum following the establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988, which was initiated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). With the 1997 approval of the Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 adoption of the Paris Agreement, an international struggle against climate change has been planned. Nationally, the First Climate Council in 2022 was held in line in an effort to fight climate change and promoting green development. Institutionally, the Climate Change and Changeability Unit was established in 1991 under the Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) against climate change. In 1992, the Atmospheric Conservation and Climate Change report was published. The importance of this report is that it is the first report on climate change published in Türkiye. In 2008 for the first time, a comprehensive projection analysis was conducted as a TUBITAK project with the cooperation of TSMS - ITU. In 2012, for the first time as a public institution, the TSMS runned large-scale climate projections in Türkiye. Within the scope of projection studies, 3 global climate models outputs were simulated with a regional climate model using 2 different scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) at 20 km horizontal resolution with the dynamic downscaling method. The climate data, which form the basis of the climate projection data operated, are the data contributed to the global climate models from 2054 observation systems of TSMS located throughout Türkiye."