Abstract
Een vier maanden oude Engelse buldog werd aangeboden met klachten van acute faciale spiertrekkingen, scheve kopstand en een abnormaal bewustzijn. Het neurologisch onderzoek was indicatief voor een multifocale hersenaandoening. Het hematologisch en biochemisch onderzoek was normaal. Magnetische resonantie van de hersenen onthulde een uitgesproken vergroting van de linker laterale ventrikel, met bijkomend een vergroting van het calvarium op dit niveau. Er waren ook periventriculaire letsels op T2W- en FLAIR-beelden zichtbaar met een matige contrastopname. Analyse van het cerebrospinale vocht toonde matig gemengde, mononucleaire pleiocytose en het testen op infectieziekten kwam negatief terug. De meest waarschijnlijke diagnose was unilaterale interne hydrocefalus veroorzaakt door periventriculaire encefalitis. Ondanks de slechte prognose werd de patiënt succesvol behandeld met prednisolone en fenobarbital. Dit is de eerste beschrijving van unilaterale hydrocefalus met vermoedelijke periventriculaire encefalitis bij een hond gediagnosticeerd met behulp van MRI.
Highlights
Hydrocephalus is defined as an active dilation of the ventricular system in the brain due to insufficient movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles to its sites of absorption (Rekate et al, 2009)
It carries a guarded to poor prognosis, and an infectious cause has been suspected, the underlying cause remains unknown
Unilateral hydrocephalus in dogs has not been previously reported in the veterinary literature
Summary
Hydrocephalus is defined as an active dilation of the ventricular system in the brain due to insufficient movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles to its sites of absorption (Rekate et al, 2009). Hydrocephalus usually develops due to an interruption of CSF flow or reduced absorption, and rarely, due to excessive production. It can be classified as congenital or acquired, obstructive and non-obstructive, and as internal, when there is ventricular dilation with CSF accumulation, and external, when there is dilation of the subarachnoid space with CSF accumulation. The majority of the reported cases were diagnosed on gross and histopathologic examination of the brain at necropsy, and there is only one report of diagnostic imaging of this disease, which was treated successfully with a combination of medical and surgical management (Dewey, 2002). A juvenile English bulldog with unilateral hydrocephalus and presumed periventricular encephalitis is described
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