Kleeb Bua Daeng, a Thai Traditional Herbal Formula, Ameliorated Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Cognitive Impairment in ICR Mice.

Juthamart Maneenet,Supawadee Daodee,Charinya Khamphukdee,Anake Kijjoa,Supaporn Pitiporn,Yaowared Chulikhit,Chantana Boonyarat,Suresh Awale,Pakakrong Kwankhao,Orawan Monthakantirat

doi:10.3390/molecules24244587

Abstract

Thai traditional herbal formula ‘’Kleeb Bua Daeng (KBD)’’consists of a 1:1:1 ratio (dry weight) of three medicinal plants: Piper nigrum fruit, the aerial part of Centella asiatica and the petals of Nelumbo nucifera. Oral administration of KBD to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mice significantly improved their cognitive function caused by chronic mild stress. Daily administration of KBD significantly decreased the serum corticosterone (CORT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels but increased the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in both frontal cortex and hippocampus. The effects of KBD were similar to those caused by oral administration of vitamin E. HPLC analysis of the KBD extract revealed the presence of piperine, madecassoside, asiaticoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol and ferulic acid as major constituents.

Highlights

Accumulated evidences demonstrated that chronic stress negatively affects neural plasticity and neurogenesis which produce depressive symptom, impairment in memory and learning processes [1,2].The deleterious effect of chronic stress is modulated by the stress hormone, cortisol/corticosterone (CORT), neurotrophins, and various neurotransmitters [3,4,5]
To determine whether KBD modulates the cognitive function in the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model, spatial and non-spatial working memory performances of UCMS mice were performed in the Y-maze test and the novel object recognition test (NORT), respectively
UCMS groups showed significantly improved spontaneous alternation performance when compared with the vehicle-treated UCMS mice in a dose-dependent manner, which is similar to that treated with vitamin E (Figure 1A)

Summary

Introduction

The deleterious effect of chronic stress is modulated by the stress hormone, cortisol/corticosterone (CORT), neurotrophins, and various neurotransmitters [3,4,5]. The hippocampus is commonly implicated in stress-triggered hippocampal atrophy, and impaired synaptic plasticity [8]. Based on these reports, the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) animal model has been developed to mimic pathophysiological changes relevant to depression and memory decline. The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) animal model has been developed to mimic pathophysiological changes relevant to depression and memory decline To obtain this effect, mice are chronically exposed to the micro-stressors for

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion