Abstract
The increasing clinical incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major global health care issue. Among MDR pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is one of the world's most dangerous superbugs; and becoming resistant to virtually every antibiotic available today. Published articles cited majorly from three sources were browsed using selected keywords. Screening technique was done based on article relevance, topic match and English language match. Duplication of findings was avoided. Prevalence of KP among isolates was determined in different study places and the most alarming figure was seen in study conducted in Nigeria (64.2%) followed by India (33.9%) and Denmark (17.4%). Based on our pooled data from a number of studies conducted at different part of the globe, antibiotic resistances among KP isolates were found to be 100% for Cephradin, 87.5% for Cefeclor, 84% for Tobramycin, 82.5% for Cefotaxime, and 80.4% for Norfloxacin. Whereas, K. pneumonia was found to be more sensitive to Impenem (92.5%), Meropenem (92.5%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (87.5%), Gatifloxacin (85%), Moxifloxacin (75%); and chloraphenicol (62.8%). Carbapenems have been regarded as the treatment of choice for serious infections caused by extended-spectrum βeta-lactamase (ESBL)-producers. The combination therapy of fosfomycin+colistin demonstrated synergistic and bactericidal effect against one metallobetalactamase producing KP strains that were resistant to fosfomycin. Some of the factors that are responsible for the decline in number of newly discovered antibiotic include reduced financial grant from funding agencies, closure of many major pharmaceutical and large biotech companies; and the lack of financial reward for large pharmaceutical companies to develop new ambitious projects. In conclusion, MDR bacteria are emerging worldwide causing many public health problems and challenges to healthcare. Based on the result from our pooled data, we can conclude that currently we have only few antibiotics that are effective to treat KP.
Highlights
The increasing clinical incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major global health care issue [1]
The prevalence of extended-spectrum βetalactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, such as E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) species that are resistant to many penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics; are increasing globally and becoming a major clinical concern
A number of evidences from researches across the globe prove that MDR bacteria are emerging worldwide causing many public health problems and challenges to healthcare
Summary
The increasing clinical incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major global health care issue [1]. This is true when the infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens impose a significant and increasing burden on both patients and healthcare providers [2]. Klebsiella has becomes an important pathogen in a hospital settings causing nosocomial infections with outbreaks of 20%, where the problem of antibiotic resistance is typically magnified [4,5]. The prevalence of extended-spectrum βetalactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, such as E. coli and KP species that are resistant to many penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics; are increasing globally and becoming a major clinical concern.
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