Kinship Foster Care Among African American Youth: Interaction Effects at Multiple Contextual Levels

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of kinship foster care on mental health outcomes among African American youth. Longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents involved in the child welfare system provided multilevel data on African American youth (n = 225) placed into foster care. Current caregivers reported on youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms immediately following placement into out-of-home care, as well as 18 months later. Path analysis tested a theoretical model that compared placements with kin to other formal out-of-home arrangements in context of setting characteristics, including aspects of caregiver and neighborhood disorder. Results suggested significant increases in internalizing symptoms over time for youth with more baseline mental health problems, as well as those placed in more distressed neighborhoods. Increased externalizing symptoms occurred among youth with greater baseline behavior problems, those placed in more problematic neighborhoods, and youth who experienced a placement change between assessments. Additionally, a combination of placement characteristics predicted increases in externalizing problems; youth placed in kinship foster care with older caregivers in poorer health exhibited greater increases in externalizing problems. Findings highlighted important contextual considerations for out-of-home placement among African American youth.