Kinship and Polity in Stateless Societies

Abstract

A theory is proposed to account for the relationship between rules of descent and polity structure reported in recent research by Swanson (1968-1969). It is argued that polity structure in stateless societies is a consequences of the presence or absence of cohesive factions based on lineage or family. The formation of kin-based factions is dependent on a pattern of overlapping rather than cross-cutting ties of kinship. It is suggested that patterns of group allegiance have the same effects in both simple and complex societies. Overlapping patterns of allegiance create factionalism and conflict, and cross-cutting patterns lead to consensus and peace. A number of empirical consequences of this theory are tested, and a comparison is made with the predictions of Swanson's orginal theory.