Abstract
Water treatment using activated carbon is widely accepted, despite its high production cost. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the potential of cassava stem in activated carbon form for methylene blue (MB) dye uptake from water. Raw cassava stem (RCS) was also utilized to evaluate the difference between cassava stem in its raw form and after being converted to the activated carbon (ACS). The MB adsorption from water using the RCS and ACS was done in this study. The batch adsorption study showed fast MB uptake by ACS at 60 min contact time, while higher adsorbent dosage and higher pH contributed to higher adsorption percentage. The thermodynamic study showed positive values of ∆H° of ACS, indicating that the adsorption process of MB was endothermic. Meanwhile, the negative value of ∆G° showed that the adsorption processes of MB were spontaneous. The thermodynamic study showed higher fitting to Langmuir isotherm, with data from the kinetic study showing better pseudo-second-order equation fitting, which suggests the chemisorption process had happened. The highest adsorption recorded by ACS was 384.61 mg/g, indicating the possibility of cassava stem as the lower cost raw material for activated carbon production with excellent adsorption characteristics.
Highlights
The Raw cassava stem (RCS) particles were placed inside a graphite reactor and tightly closed with a lid to minimize ash formation before being heated in a furnace with a temperature set at 787 ◦ C for 146 min, based on the optimum condition found by the previous work by Sulaiman, Hashim, Mohamad Amini, Danish, and Sulaiman [26]
The adsorption capacity of both raw and activated carbon derived from the cassava stem was investigated
This figure showed that the concentration of methylene blue (MB) dye decreased with an increase in contact time for both adsorbents
Summary
Numerous techniques have been discovered in order to clean the water from many types of dangerous pollutants. These techniques include reverse osmosis, ion exchange, dialysis or electrodialysis, cementation, electrolyte extraction, oxidationreduction, solvent extraction, evaporation, adsorption, dilution, filtration, and chemical precipitation. Among these techniques, adsorption has been widely practice [1]. Focusing on the adsorption technique, the activated carbon has been widely used as the primary adsorption material (adsorbents) for the removal of a wide range of contaminants in liquid and gas phase application. Researchers have started to find other lower-cost substitutes as precursors or raw materials to overcome this problem
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