Abstract
The kinetic profiles of Candida tropicalis TISTR 5306 cultivation based on modified yeast-malt (MYM), assorted grade fresh longan juice (AsgLG) and longan solid waste extract (LSWE) medium were evaluated in 1 l batch mode. The highest ethanol concentration level (25.5 ± 0.8 g/l) and ethanol yield - Yp/s of 0.491 ± 0.017 g ethanol/g consumed substrate, dried biomass concentration level (9.44 ± 0.05 g/l) and dried biomass yield - Yp/s of 0.533 ± 0.170 g dried biomass/g consumed substrate, specific pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity (0.037 ± 0.003 U/mg protein) were achieved (p ≤ 0.05) in AsgLG medium. Scores ranking strategy were employed and AsgLG medium was subsequently selected with in the highest total score (p ≤ 0.05) of 698 ± 7 at 48 h. The cultivation in fed-batch mode with three rounds of pulse feeding (PF) in 1 l AsgLG medium was carried out. The apparent highest ethanol and dried biomass concentration levels with corresponding yields relative to time zero were (28.3 ± 0.5 g/l, 0.482 ± 0.012 g/g) at 120 h of PF2 and (9.39 ± 0.04 g/l, 0.110 ± 0.001 g/g) at 192 h of PF3. The maximum specific PDC activity was 0.057 ± 0.006 U/mg protein during PF1 feeding.
Highlights
Longan is one of the tropical fruit and the important economic fruit of Thailand
This was compared to the maximum specific growth rate of 0.216 ± 0.007 h–1 at 6 h in the same medium which was similar (p > 0.05) to that in modified yeast-malt (MYM) medium
The highest dried biomass concentration (6.95 ± 0.14 g/l at 72 h) and dried biomass yield (Yx/s) of 0.065 ± 0.002 g/g at the same cultivation time obtained from MYM medium were produced at the lower levels than those of longan solid waste extract (LSWE) medium
Summary
Longan is one of the tropical fruit and the important economic fruit of Thailand. Longan was exported in the forms of fresh longan and dried longan more than 90% of total production. Ten percents of longan production was consumed domestically with the rest being exported (Office of Agricultural Economics 2019, Sudswang et al 2018). The production level and productivity of this fruit in Thailand during 2018 and 2019 were (1.077 and 1.011) million t as well as (5.92 and 5.40) t/ha, respectively, with the corresponding expected production figures of 1.044 million t and 5.54 t/ha in 2020 (Office of Agricultural Economics 2020, Nunta et al 2019). The current production of longan in Thailand would account for nearly 30% based on the overall longan annual production of 3.445–3.600 million t (2015–2017 production data) worldwide (Altendorf 2018) with exportation values of 849 and 885 million USD in 2018 and 2019, respectively (Office of Agricultural Economics 2020, Nation Thailand 2019). The Royal Thai Government employed several strategies to prevent plummetted longan
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