Kinetics of ion exchange in glasses

Abstract

The kinetics of K + ⥄ Na + exchange in two glass systems, 20Na 2O·(60− x)B 2O 3· (20 + x)Si 2 (where x = 0, 15, 30 and 45 mol%) and Na 2O·3SiO 2, were studied as a function of glass composition, salt bath composition, exchange temperature and time The distribution of K in the glass specimens after exchange in molten KNO 3 was determined with an electron probe. Stresses in these speciments were measured photoelastically. The interdiffusion coefficient D for ion exchange was calculated as a function of local composition in the glass using the Boltzmann-Matano method. The strong variation of D in any particular glass approximated that predicted by a mixed alkali model (as advanced by Lacharme), where the glass in the ion-exchanged region approximates a composite of stacked layers of mixed alkali glasses with a gradually varying alkali ratio. The small discrepancy between the experiment and the mixed alkali model was partly, but not fully, reconciled by considering the strains in the glasses. The observation which remained unexplained was that the calculated stress profiles did not show perfect agreement, both in magnitude and in shape, with the experimentally measured stress profiles. It appeared that the kinetics of ion exchange in the glasses were also influenced by a network relaxation process which may have occurred well below the glass transition temperature.