Abstract
Energy is an important input in all primary metal production. The rate of heat transfer can sometimes be used to control the metal production rate directly, and it is important to know the relationship between heat transfer and reaction rate. In this work, a modelling approach was followed to investigate the origin of-and variations in-this relationship. Reduction processes are generally not constrained by thermodynamics alone, and the reaction temperature is related to the reaction rate and the reactivity of the raw materials. Even with such mixed control (with both heat transfer and chemical kinetics affecting the reaction rate), the relationship between energy requirement and degree of reduction was found to be little affected by process conditions, because reaction activation constrains the range of reaction temperatures, and because of the relatively small heat capacity of the reduced product.
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