Abstract
Criticisms, of, limitations on, and alternatives to the Nernst-Planck equation for ionic transport are outlined in the context of notion into and through liquids, gells, ion exchanger membranes, ionic crystals and polycrystalline materials. The origin of the equation from the point of view of Langevin, and contributions of Onsager and Schogl provide a basis for discussion of limitations on applications to non-homogeneous materials. The surprising usefulness and wide applicability are demonstrated using correlations for diverse cases including coupled transport, association (ion pairing and clustering), adsorption and concentrated electrolytes. The microscopic models for the friction coefficient, in terms of atomic properties, are discussed. New material on kinetic boundary conditions, slow ion exchange and ionic overpotential are presented.
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