Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S-RBD IgGs up to three months after the second vaccination dose with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. NAbs and anti-S-RBD levels were measured on days 1 (before the first vaccine shot), 8, 22 (before the second shot), 36, 50, and three months after the second vaccination (D111) (NCT04743388). 283 health workers were included in this study. NAbs showed a rapid increase from D8 to D36 at a constant rate of about 3% per day and reached a median (SD) of 97.2% (4.7) at D36. From D36 to D50, a slight decrease in NAbs values was detected and it became more prominent between D50 and D111 when the rate of decline was determined at −0.11 per day. The median (SD) NAbs value at D111 was 92.7% (11.8). A similar pattern was also observed for anti-S-RBD antibodies. Anti-S-RBDs showed a steeper increase during D22–D36 and a lower decline rate during D36–D111. Prior COVID-19 infection and younger age were associated with superior antibody responses over time. In conclusion, we found a persistent but declining anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity at 3 months following full vaccination with BNT162b2 in healthy individuals.
Highlights
IntroductionThe novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)has led to a worldwide pandemic and has become a major global health concern
The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and anti-S-RBD IgGs after vaccination of health workers with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine over a period of up to three months after the second shot
Summary
The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Has led to a worldwide pandemic and has become a major global health concern. The coronavirus genome encodes four different main structural proteins designated as spike (S), envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid. The virus penetrates through the viral S protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors that are mainly presented on oral mucosa epithelial cells and lung alveolar type II cells, as well as in other human tissues [1,2]. Most of the patients will present with mild or moderate symptoms, up to 5–10% will present with severe or life-threatening disease course. The development of effective and safe vaccines, as well as novel therapeutics, has become a global priority [5,6,7]
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