Kinetics, modeling and colorimetry of celery leaves dehydration by direct and mixed solar drying

Abstract

In celery, leaves, roots, and fruit contain a high value in medicinal properties and are used to prepare syrups, tinctures, infusions, or oils; however, its leaves are commonly discarded, wasting their nutritional and medicinal content. The dehydration of these leaves is a conservation option, increasing their shelf life. This study analyzes direct and mixed solar drying (SD and SM) kinetics and their effect on celery leaves. The moisture contents, drying rate, water activity, and colorimetry were obtained. Moreover, the fitting of experimental data to the mathematical models proposed in the literature. The moisture content stabilized at 150 min in the SM at the shortest time with a maximum drying rate of 0.1179 g∙water/g∙ dm∙min. The initial and final water activity was 0.98 and 0.412 in the SM and 0.403 in the SD. The SD better conserved the leaf color, with a total color change (ΔE) of 2.56, while the value obtained with the SM was 5.42. The experimental results of both technologies were better adjusted to the model Two exponential terms with an R² of 0.999. The results show that the solar drying of the celery leaves is feasible, and a quality product is obtained sustainably.