Abstract
Joint kinetic characteristics during the eccentric phase are important in resistance exercises because eccentric actions with elastic potential energy storage lead to the energy recoil with large joint moment and power generation during the subsequent concentric phase. Previous studies assessed the force production capacity in the barbell hip thrust; however, these were reported by the methodology using only surface electromyographic amplitudes recorded in the lower back and thigh muscles and did not focus on eccentric action. This study aimed to determine kinetic characteristics of lumbosacral, hip and knee joints of sprinters during the eccentric and concentric phases in a barbell hip thrust, compared to those of deadlift and back squat. Eleven well-trained male sprinters participated in this study. Each participant performed two full ranges of motion repetition using their previously determined six-repetition maximum loads. During strength exercises, reflective marker displacements attached to the body and a barbell were captured using 22 high-speed cameras, and ground reaction forces were captured using 4 force plates simultaneously. In the barbell hip thrust, as well as deadlift, the peak values of the lumbosacral and hip extension moments were generated almost immediately after the eccentric phase and were 24% and 42% larger than those in the back squat, respectively. In the knee joint, the largest was the peak extension moment in the back squat (155 ± 28 Nm), followed in order by that in the barbell hip thrust (66 ± 33 Nm) and that in the deadlift (24 ± 27 Nm). These demonstrated that a barbell hip thrust, as well as deadlift, can be a resistance exercise to strengthen the lower back and posterior thigh muscles. Thus, these resistance exercises may be able to be used separately according to their intended purposes, enabling transformations of strength training to specific dynamic motions such as sprint running.
Highlights
A barbell hip thrust is regarded as a representative hip extension exercise in resistance training [1,2,3,4], where the gluteus maximus is substantially activated [5,6,7,8]
Based on the purpose in this study, we focused on the lumbosacral, hip and knee joint moments of the right leg
In the lumbosacral and hip joints, the extension moment was generated throughout the entire descent and ascent phases in the barbell hip thrust, deadlift and back squat and the peak values were generated at almost last instant during the descent phase/initial instant during the ascent phase (Figs 2A and 3A)
Summary
A barbell hip thrust is regarded as a representative hip extension exercise in resistance training [1,2,3,4], where the gluteus maximus is substantially activated [5,6,7,8]. The barbell hip thrust is a useful resistance exercise for athletes, such as sprinters, who often activate the hip extensor muscles [9,10,11]. Kinetics of sprinters during barbell hip thrust compared to deadlift and back squat Previous studies explained the force production capacity in the barbell hip thrust and compared that to other exercises. These were reported by the methodology using only surface electromyographic (EMG) amplitudes recorded in the lower back and thigh muscles [6,8]. To the best of our knowledge, there were no peer-reviewed papers on the joint kinetics in the barbell hip thrust
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