Abstract
The bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil was investigated using a microscale Landfarming. The Indigenousbacteria, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Bacillus megaterium, and Xanthobacter autotrophicus were isolated from the contaminated sites Sungai Lilin Jambi Pertamina Ltd and used further in the bioremediation experiments. The biodegradation rates of petroleum contaminated soil in the presence of the isolated bacteria were studied by using the chemical kinetics approach. The reaction orders were studied by using the differential method and the reaction rate constants were studied by using the integral method. The results showed that the reaction orders were 1.0949, 1.3985, 0.8823, and the reaction rate constants were 0.0189, 0.0204, 0.0324 day-1, respectively. Considering the values of reaction orders and reaction rate constants, the biodegradation rate of contaminated soil by usingeach bacteria had significantly different value; Xanthobacter Autotrophicus bacteria could degrade the petroleumoil sludge fastest than the others.Keywords: Biodegradation, indigenous bacteria, kinetics, petroleum oil
Highlights
In the past most of the research for rice was conducted in semi or fully technical irrigated lowland rice, very seldom experiment was carried out in terraced paddy field system
The average biomass production, including rice grains, rice straw, and rice residues, and their standard deviations for the WS 2003-04 and the dry season 2004 (DS 2004) are presented in Table 2 and 3, respectively
Application of only 100 kg ha-1 season1 of Urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), and KCl, without returning rice straw did not significantly increase the biomass productions. This suggests that returning rice straw may improve the microbial activities, soil organic carbon, and soil physical properties, since the soil organic carbon in most rice producing area is low, ranging between 1 – 1.5 %
Summary
In the past most of the research for rice was conducted in semi or fully technical irrigated lowland rice, very seldom experiment was carried out in terraced paddy field system. Rice straw is removed from the field to feed their cattle: cows and buffaloes Exploitation inherent soil fertility through improper management practices, is threatening the food security and position of the economically important agricultural sector in many developing countries including Indonesia (Sukristiyonubowo et al 2004; Sukristiyonubowo et al 2003; Stoorvogel et al 1993; Harriton et al 1991). Good agricultural practices through balanced fertilisation, in terms of rate and kind of fertilisers, including returning organics substances like rice straw to the field should be recommended
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