Kinetics and Thermodynamics of H–/H•/H+ Transfer from a Rhodium(III) Hydride

Abstract

The thermodynamics and kinetics of all three cleavage modes for Rh-H, the transfer of H(-), H(+), or H•, have been studied for the Rh(III) hydride complex Cp*Rh(2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl)H (1a). The thermodynamic hydricity, ΔG°H(-), for 1a has been measured (49.5(1) kcal/mol) by heterolytic cleavage of H2 with Et3N in CH3CN. The transfer of H(-) from 1a to 1-(1-phenylethylidene)pyrrolidinium is remarkably fast (kH(-) = 3.5(1) × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)), making 1a a very efficient catalyst for the ionic hydrogenation of iminium cations. The pKa of 1a in CH3CN has been measured as 30.3(2) with (tert-butylimino)tris(pyrrolidino)phosphorane (12), and the rate constant for H(+) transfer from 1a to 12 has been estimated (kH(+) = 5(1) × 10(-4) M(-1) s(-1)) from the half-life of the equilibration. Thus, 1a is a poor H(+) donor both thermodynamically and kinetically. However, 1a transfers H• to TEMPO smoothly, forming a stable Rh(II) radical Cp*Rh(2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl)• (14a) that can activate H2 at room temperature and 1 atm. The metalloradical 14a has a g value of 2.0704 and undergoes reversible one-electron reduction at -1.85 V vs Fc(+)/Fc in benzonitrile, implying a bond-dissociation enthalpy for the Rh-H bond of 1a of 58.2(3) kcal/mol--among the weakest Rh(III)-H bonds reported. The transfer of H• from 1a to Ar3C• (Ar = p-(t)BuC6H4) is fast, with kH• = 1.17(3) × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). Thus, 1a is a good H(-) and H• donor but a poor H(+) donor, a combination that reflects the high energy of the Rh(I) anion [Cp*Rh(2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl)](-).