Abstract
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is considered as one of the non-oil-based alternatives for liquid fuel production. This gas-to-liquid (GTL) technology converts syngas to a wide range of hydrocarbons using metal (Fe and Co) unsupported and supported catalysts. Effective design of the catalyst plays a significant role in enhancing syngas conversion, selectivity towards C5+ hydrocarbons, and decreasing selectivity towards methane. This work presents a review on catalyst design and the most employed support materials in FTS to synthesize heavier hydrocarbons. Furthermore, in this report, the recent achievements on mechanisms of this reaction will be discussed. Catalyst deactivation is one of the most important challenges during FTS, which will be covered in this work. The selectivity of FTS can be tuned by operational conditions, nature of the catalyst, support, and reactor configuration. The effects of all these parameters will be analyzed within this report. Moreover, zeolites can be employed as a support material of an FTS-based catalyst to direct synthesis of liquid fuels, and the specific character of zeolites will be elaborated further. Furthermore, this paper also includes a review of some of the most employed characterization techniques for Fe- and Co-based FTS catalysts. Kinetic study plays an important role in optimization and simulation of this industrial process. In this review, the recent developed reaction rate models are critically discussed.
Highlights
As a result of the increase in the world’s population, there is a high demand for renewable and sustainable energy resources instead of fossil fuels
This review focuses on the recent achievements in the Fischer–Tropsch technology and its catalyst design, support materials, and kinetics study to increase the selectivity of C5+ hydrocarbons
The development of a specific scheme of reactions should involve the full range of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) products and this makes the kinetic study of FT reaction a complex task
Summary
As a result of the increase in the world’s population, there is a high demand for renewable and sustainable energy resources instead of fossil fuels. Alternatives such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), which is a promising route for clean fuel production, is gaining more importance in petroleum industry [1]. FTS technology consists of syngas production (H2/CO mixture), converting the syngas to a broad spectrum of hydrocarbons (C1 to C100) by means of a heterogeneous catalyst and refining. This review focuses on the recent achievements in the Fischer–Tropsch technology and its catalyst design, support materials, and kinetics study to increase the selectivity of C5+ hydrocarbons. - Lubricating oil for the reduction of friction, heat, and wear in motorized vehicles
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