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Abstract
Green tea is characterized by the presence of an abundance of polyphenolic compounds, also known as catechins, including epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In addition to being a popular beverage, tea consumption has been suggested as a mean of chemoprevention. However, its mode of action is unclear. It was discovered that tea catechins can react with cytochrome c. When oxidized cytochrome c was mixed with catechins commonly found in green tea under non-steady-state conditions, a reduction of cytochrome c was observed. The reaction rate of the catechins was dependent on the pH and the nature of the catechin. The pseudo-first order rate constant obtained increased in the order of EC < ECG < EGC < EGCG, which is consistent with previously reported superoxide reduction activities and Cu2+ reduction activities of tea catechins.
Highlights
Tea, brewed from the plant, Camellia sinensis, is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, consumed by two-thirds of the world’s population [1]
The major catechins found in green tea are epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
The signal transduction pathways affected include the upstream of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activated through proline-rich kinase signaling
Summary
Tea, brewed from the plant, Camellia sinensis, is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, consumed by two-thirds of the world’s population [1]. EGCG is the most abundant and the most biologically active compound [2] (Figure 1: structures of the major catechins found in green tea). The signal transduction pathways affected include the upstream of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activated through proline-rich kinase signaling These transcription factors are known to be significant in tumor promoter-induced cell transformation and tumor promotion [9]. Reactive oxygen species induce oxidative stress, which has been linked to tumor promotion in many tissues. Green tea extracts have been shown to be effective in scavenging reactive oxygen species when incorporated into plastic films for food packaging [12]. Cytochrome c is a small heme protein, important in mitochondrial respiration [16]. This paper discusses the results of the kinetic and mechanistic study of the reaction between cytochrome c and various tea catechins
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