Abstract
The kinetics of leaching silica sand in hydrochloric acid solution under conventional stirring and ultrasound-assisted conditions was studied. Acid concentration, temperature, stirring speed, ultrasound frequency and particle size had significant effects on the leaching rate while the influence of ultrasound power was negligible. The leaching kinetics followed the shrinking core model with product layer diffusion control as the rate-controlling step for the conventional stirring and ultrasound-assisted leaching process. The apparent activation energies in the presence and absence of ultrasound irradiation was determined to be 43.6 and 67.5 kJ/mol respectively. The presence of ultrasound not only increases the diffusion rate of mass but also promotes chemical reaction.
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