Abstract
The synthesis of 1-(3-phenylpropyl)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (SUC-R) was successfully carried out from the reaction of succinimide (SUC-H) with 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane (RBr) in a small amount of KOH and organic solvent solid–liquid phase medium under phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) almost water-free conditions. The main purpose of this work was to determine the reaction conditions by examining the kinetic behavior, reaction mechanism, activation energy, and the related parameters in the solid–liquid PTC reaction. A rational mechanism for the reaction is proposed according to the experimental evidence. The reaction follows a pseudo-first-order rate law. A rate expression was developed to describe the kinetic behaviors from which the apparent rate constant (kapp) of the organic-phase reaction was obtained via experimental data. Kinetics of the reaction, including the effects of agitation speed, amount of water, amount of potassium hydroxide, temperature, amount of tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB), volume of cy...
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